Drugs

Articles

• taxanes
  5 January 2006

  Definition : Taxanes are a class of diterpenes.
  Taxanes were originally identified from plants of the genus Taxus (yews), and feature a taxadiene core.
  Molecules as paclitaxel (Taxol) and docetaxel (Taxotere) are widely used as chemotherapy agents. cabazitaxel was FDA approved to treat hormone-refractory prostate cancer.
  Taxanes are important drugs in the treatment of ovarian and other cancers, but their efficacy is limited by intrinsic and acquired drug resistance.
  Resistance (...)

• alkylating agents
  12 March 2006

  alkylators

• 5-FU
  12 March 2004

  5-fluoro-2’-deoxyuridine, 5-fluorouracil, fluorouracil

• cisplatin
  12 March 2006

  Cisplatin, a platinating agent commonly used to treat several cancers, is associated with nephrotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and ototoxicity, which has hindered its utility.
  Cisplatin is similar to the bifunctional alkylating agents. It covalently binds to DNA and disrupts DNA function. After cisplatin enters the cells, the chloride ligands are replaced by water molecules. This reaction results in the formation of positively charged platinum complexes that react with the nucleophilic sites on (...)

• halothane
  14 October 2005

  Pathology
  mild form of hepatotoxicity (20%)
  halothane hepatitis halothane-associated massive hepatic necrosis (halothane fulminant hepatitis)

• asparginase
  12 March 2006

  Asparaginase is an enzyme that has been purified from E. coli and Erwinia carotovora. It acts by deaminating extracellular L-asparagine, an amino acid that appears to be essential for protein synthesis by some tumour cells lacking adequate levels of asparagine synthetase.
  Asparaginase from Erwinia carotovora is serologically and biochemically distinct from asparaginase from E. coli, although its antineoplastic activity and toxicity is similar. Asparaginase is usually considered to be cell (...)

• artemisinins
  31 May 2006

  Combinations of an artemisinin with other antimalarial drugs are now recommended treatments for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in most endemic areas.
  Several individual molecules have been proposed as targets for artemisinins, in addition to the idea that artemisinins might have many targets at the same time.
  Artemisinins could inhibit the parasite-encoded sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) PfATP6. A polymorphism in the gene encoding PfATP6 is associated with in vitro (...)

• Sulindac
  31 May 2007

  Sulindac is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug.
  It has been reported to be effective in suppressing tumor growth through the induction of p21WAF1/cip1 in human, animal models of colon cancer and colon cancer cells.
  The efficiency of sulindac in the inhibition of cell proliferation (other than the induction of apoptosis) may be through the suppression of beta-catenin pathway in human breast and lung cancer cell (...)

• sunitinib
  2 June 2009

  Definition: Sunitinib (marketed as Sutent, and previously known as SU11248) is an oral, small-molecule, multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase (RTKs) inhibitor (multiRTKs inhibitors).
  Sunitinib was approved by the FDA for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and imatinib-resistant gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) on January 26, 2006.
  The concept was of a ATP analogue that would compete with ATP for binding to the catalytic site of receptor tyrosine kinases. This concept led (...)

• nucleoside analogues
  27 January 2005

  Nucleoside analogues can cause a mitochondrial myopathy with RRFs in muscle are nucleoside analogues, such as zidovudine, used in the treatment of certain human immunodeficiencies.
  Nucleoside analogues, after conversion into their active form, inhibit mitochondrial DNA polymerase-gamma and induce mtDNA depletion.
  See also
  nucleoside analogues
  mitochondrial diseases
  oxydative phosphorylation (OXPHOS (...)

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