diabetic embryopathy

Synopsis

 caudal dysplasia (caudal regression syndrome) (15266776, 15127755, 14694401, 12196475. 11896527, 7365764, 4848209)

• sirenomelia (15266776)
• severe axial mesodermal dysplasia spectrum (8775416)
• lumbosacral dysgenesis (457742)

 VACTERL association (118181216)
 femoral hypoplasia i(18051935, 8960613, 8330451)
 femoral hypoplasia-unusual facies syndrome (FHUFS) (17668891, 8960613, 6854450)
 bifid tongue (17663469)
 holoprosencephaly (17274816, 8330451)
 congenital cryptorchidism (17032715)
 extrahepatic biliary atresia (14694401)
 penile enlargement (11170094)
 oculoauriculovertebral anomalies (10710228)
 limb reduction defects (9018422)
 cardiovascular malformations (9018422)
 renal agenesis (9018422)
 branchial arch malformations (6753584)
 central nervous system malformations (6753584)
 vertebral malformations (6753584)
 central nervous system malformations (6753584)
 bilateral renal agenesis (6891697)
 Di George syndrome (6891697)

Case records

 Case 13394: Severe caudal dysplasia in maternal diabetes

References

 Kapoor N, Sankaran S, Hyer S, Shehata H. Diabetes in pregnancy: a review of current evidence. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol. 2007 Dec;19(6):586-90. PMID: 18007138

 Allen VM, Armson BA, Wilson RD, Allen VM, Blight C, Gagnon A, Johnson JA, Langlois S, Summers A, Wyatt P, Farine D, Armson BA, Crane J, Delisle MF, Keenan-Lindsay L, Morin V, Schneider CE, Van Aerde J, Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada.Teratogenicity associated with pre-existing and gestational diabetes. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2007 Nov;29(11):927-44. PMID: 17977497

 Barnes-Powell LL.Infants of diabetic mothers: the effects of hyperglycemia on the fetus and neonate.Neonatal Netw. 2007 Sep-Oct;26(5):283-90. PMID: 17926658

 Madri JA, Enciso J, Pinter E. Maternal diabetes: effects on embryonic vascular development—a vascular endothelial growth factor-A-mediated process. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2003 Jul-Aug;6(4):334-41. PMID: 14692647