Molecular groups

Articles

• lipids
  4 June 2003

  WKP
  Definition: Lipids are a broad group of naturally-occurring molecules which includes fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, phospholipids, and others.
  The whole of lipids is the lipidome.
  Lipids are broadly defined as any fat-soluble (lipophilic), naturally-occurring molecule. Lipids are usually defined as hydrophobic or amphipathic biological molecules that will dissolve in organic solvents such as benzene or (...)

• sarcoglycans
  7 October 2003

  Members
  alpha-sarcoglycan
  beta-sarcoglycan
  gamma-sarcoglycan
  epsilon-sarcoglycan (mutations in myoclonus-dystonia)
  Pathology (sarcoglycanopathies)
  mutations in muscular dystrophy

• adhesion receptors
  17 September 2003
• glucan
  13 October 2009

  Definition: A glucan molecule is a polysaccharide of D-glucose monomers linked by glycosidic bonds. Many beta-glucans are medically important.
  Types
  The α- and β- and numbers clarify the type of O-glycosidic bond.
  Alpha glucan
  dextran, α-1,6-glucan
  glycogen, α-1,4- and α-1,6-glucan
  pullulan, α-1,4- and α-1,6-glucan
  starch, α-1,4- and α-1,6-glucan
  Beta glucan
  cellulose, β-1,4-glucan
  curdlan, β-1,3-glucan
  laminarin, β-1,3- and β-1,6-glucan
  chrysolaminarin, β-1,3-glucan (...)

• Lectins
  14 April 2004

  Lectins are nonenzymatic proteins present in plants and animals, which preferentially bind to specific carbohydrate structures and play an important role in cell recognition.
  Features
  DC-SIGN
  References
  van Kooyk Y, Appelmelk B, Geijtenbeek TB. A fatal attraction: Mycobacterium tuberculosis and HIV-1 target DC-SIGN to escape immune surveillance. Trends Mol Med. 2003 Apr;9(4):153-9. PMID: #12727141#
  Nangia-Makker P, Conklin J, Hogan V, Raz A. Carbohydrate-binding proteins in cancer, (...)

• fatty acids
  25 October 2004

  Fatty acids provide highly efficient energy storage, storing much more energy for their weight than carbohydrates like glucose.
  Fatty acids are stored as triglycerides in adipose tissue, in which each triglyceride molecule contains three fatty acids and one glycerol. Triglycerides form fatty droplets that exclude water and take up minimal space.
  Fatty acids are also more highly reduced than carbohydrates, so they provide more energy during oxidation. The efficiency of energy storage in (...)

• bile acid
  4 June 2003

  bile acids, biliary acids

• desmosomal cadherins
  14 July 2003

  The desmosomal cadherins are potential cell adhesion molecules of the desmosome type of cell junction by virtue of their homology to the cadherin class of cell adhesion molecules.
  Two classes of desmosomal cadherins are known, namely, the desmogleins (DSGs) and the desmocollins (DSCs) (MIM.125645).
  References
  Huber O. Structure and function of desmosomal proteins and their role in development and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci. 2003 Sep;60(9):1872-90. PMID: #14523549#
  Furukawa F, Takigawa (...)

• mucin-like glycoproteins
  7 February 2006

  Mucin-like glycoproteins, such as heparan sulfate, serve as ligands for the leukocyte adhesion molecule called CD44. These glycoproteins are found in the extracellular matrix and on cell surfaces.
  Examples
  GlyCAM-1
  PSGL-1 (SELPLG)
  ESL-1 (GLG1)
  CD34
  heparan sulfate
  See also
  sialomucins

• histones
  16 July 2003

  histone proteins

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