Fetus and annexes

• extraembryonic membranes
  17 February

  Extraembryonic membranes
  The yolk sac, amnion , chorion , and allantois are the four extraembryonic membranes that lie outside of the embryo and are involved in providing nutrients and protection to the developing embryo.
  They form from the inner cell mass; the first to form is the yolk sac followed by the amnion which grows over the developing embryo.
  The amnion remains an important extraembryonic membrane throughout prenatal development.
  The third membrane is the allantois, and the (...)

• stillbirth
  23 January

  stillbirths WKP
  Definition : Stillbirth is typically defined as fetal death at or after 28 weeks of pregnancy (WHO).
  Paywall references
  Lawn J, Shibuya K, Stein C. No cry at birth: global estimates of intrapartum stillbirths and intrapartum-related neonatal deaths. Bull World Health Organ. 2005;83(6):409–417. #15976891#

• ovarian pregnancy
  15 September 2020

  Ovarian pregnancy is a rare form of ectopic pregnancy but it is the most common type of nontubal ectopic pregnancy. Many times it is operated with a misdiagnosis of ruptured tubal ectopic pregnancy or hemorrhagic corpus luteum.
  Ectopic pregnancy is an important health problem and accounts for 10% of all maternal mortality. Incidence of ovarian pregnancy in natural conception vary from one in 7,000 to one in 40,000 deliveries and accounts for <3% of all ectopic pregnancies.
  Ovarian (...)

• Mulibrey nanism
  25 January 2010

  Mulibrey nanism (MUL) is a monogenic disorder with prenatal-onset growth failure, typical clinical characteristics, cardiopathy and tendency for a metabolic syndrome.
  Tumoral predisposition (#19334051#)
  Wilms tumors
  thyroid tumors
  gynecological cancers
  gastrointestinal carcinoid tumor
  Langerhans cell histiocytosis
  acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL)
  References
  High frequency of tumours in Mulibrey nanism. Karlberg N, Karlberg S, Karikoski R, Mikkola S, Lipsanen-Nyman M, (...)

• allantois
  25 November 2009

  Allantois (plural allantoides or allantoises) is a part of a developing animal conceptus (which consists of all embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues). It helps the embryo exchange gases and handle liquid waste.
  The allantois, along with the amnion and chorion (other embryonic membranes), identify humans as amniotes, along with reptiles, dinosaurs, birds, and other mammals. Of the vertebrates, only Ichthyopsidas (fish and amphibians) lack this structure.
  In placental mammals, the (...)

• CMV-associated embryofoetopathy
  10 June 2008

  Cytomegalovirus-associated embryofoetopathy

• perinatal programming
  16 January 2008

  Environmental effects on the materno-foetal interaction determine birth outcomes that predict health over the lifespan. Thus, maternal undernutrition or stress associate with low birth weight, leading to an increased risk of metabolic and cardiovascular illness in the offspring.
  References
  Meaney MJ, Szyf M, Seckl JR. Epigenetic mechanisms of perinatal programming of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal function and health. Trends Mol Med. 2007 Jul;13(7):269-77. Epub 2007 Jun 4. PMID: (...)

• shoulder dystocia
  7 June 2007

  Videos
  Shoulder dystocia
  Normal vaginal birth
  See also
  dystocia

• perinatal death
  26 February 2007

  References
  Maroun LL, Graem N. Autopsy standards of body parameters and fresh organ weights in nonmacerated and macerated human fetuses. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2005 Mar-Apr;8(2):204-17. PMID: #15747100#
  Cernach MC, Patricio FR, Galera MF, Moron AF, Brunoni D. Evaluation of a protocol for postmortem examination of stillbirths and neonatal deaths with congenital anomalies. Pediatr Dev Pathol. 2004 Jul-Aug;7(4):335-41. PMID: #15383929#
  Gordijn SJ, Erwich JJ, Khong TY. Value of the (...)

• hydatiform mole
  28 April 2004

  molar gestation; hydatiform moles WKP
  Images
  partial hydatiform mole by Ed Euthman
  complete hydatiform mole https://twitter.com/luishcruzc/status/738155933801418752 https://twitter.com/KUSAURAP/status/778827207976230916
  Definition: Hydatiform mole is a gestational trophoblastic disorder.
  Accurate diagnosis and classification of hydatidiform mole (HM) are important because the risk of persistent gestational trophoblastic disease, including choriocarcinoma, is significantly (...)

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