Stomach

• gastric epithelial dysplasia
  1 October 2012

  gastric mucosal dysplasia
  Definition: Gastric dysplasia is characterised microscopically by a set of histological alterations.
  Images
  Phenotypic diversity of gastric epithelial dysplasia
  https://twitter.com/GeronimoJrLapac/status/731789503933915136
  The diagnosis relies on cytological (cytoplasmic mucin depletion, cellular crowding and pleomorphism, nuclear hyperchromatism, pleomorphism and stratification, increased nuclear:cytoplasmic ratio, and increased mitotic activity) and (...)

• gastric α-fetoprotein-producing carcinoma
  26 March 2012, by admin

  α-fetoprotein—producing cancer of the stomach.
  The histogenesis and development of α-fetoprotein-producing gastric cancer (AFPGC) have not yet been elucidated.
  References
  Histologic and immunohistochemical analyses of α-fetoprotein—producing cancer of the stomach. Kinjo T, Taniguchi H, Kushima R, Sekine S, Oda I, Saka M, Gotoda T, Kinjo F, Fujita J, Shimoda T. Am J Surg Pathol. 2012 Jan;36(1):56-65. PMID: (...)

• xanthogranulomatous gastritis
  18 March 2012

  Differential diagnosis
  A diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous gastritis is made when non-caseating granulomas are seen and Crohn’s disease and sarcoidosis have been excluded.
  Barium granuloma, a rare complication of x ray examination, shows collections of macrophages and multinucleated giant cells filled with granular material.
  Hyalinoid giant cell gastritis is characterised by eosinophilic hyalinoid degeneration of smooth muscle which elicits a giant cell granulomatous reaction. (...)

• fundic gland polyposis
  13 March 2012

  fundic glandulocystic polyp; gastric fundic gland polyposis
  See also
  fundic glandulocystic polyp (fundic gland polyp)
  References
  Fundic gland polyps and association with proton pump inhibitor intake: a prospective study in 1,780 endoscopies. Zelter A, Fernández JL, Bilder C, Rodríguez P, Wonaga A, Dorado F, Galich M, Viola LA. Dig Dis Sci. 2011 Jun;56(6):1743-8. PMID: #21127978#
  Proton pump inhibitors and an emerging epidemic of gastric fundic gland polyposis. Freeman HJ. World J (...)

• colorectal hypersecretory adenoma
  13 March 2012

  Secretory adenoma represents a special variant of villous adenoma, usually arising in the rectum.
  Patients present with profuse watery diarrhea, severe fluid and electrolyte loss, elevated blood urea nitrogen, reduced serum sodium, and hypokalemia due to hypersecretion of fluid and an electrolyte-rich mucus.
  These abnormalities return to normal once the adenoma is excised.
  Characteristically, the mucous diarrhea is most severe in the morning after the stool has accumulated during sleeping (...)

• hemodialysis-associated telangiectasia
  12 March 2012

  Hemodialysis-Associated Telangiectasias
  Telangiectasia generally refers to the dilation of pre-existing vessels, whereas angiomatosis refers to new vessel growth.
  Gastric telangiectasias develop in some patients on long-term hemodialysis.
  The telangiectatic areas appear small, flattened, and reddish with fern-like margins.
  Several factors may predispose to its development.
  Chronic sodium and water overload may result in venous hypertension, causing submucosal venous dilation. (...)

• caliber-persistent artery
  12 March 2012

  Caliber-Persistent Artery (Dieulafoy Lesion)
  The entity variously termed caliber-persistent artery, cirsoidaneurysm, or Dieulafoy lesion tends to affect middle-aged and elderly men.
  Median patient age is 52 to 54 years,with patients ranging in age from 16 to 91.
  The disorder presents as recurrent, massive, and sometimes fatal hematemesis.
  Massive hemorrhage and rupture occur whena large submucosal artery impinges on the mucosa while pursuing its tortuous course through the submucosa. (...)

• gastric angiodysplasia
  12 March 2012

  Patients with angiodysplasia present with overt gastrointestinal bleeding or anemia.
  Bleeding from the lesions can be massive and recurrent.
  If the lesions are visible endoscopically, they appear bright red, flat,and well circumscribed, or fern-like.
  Selective arteriography is the preferred way to establish the diagnosis.
  Controversy surrounds the etiology of angiodysplasia.
  Arguments favoring an acquired origin include its association with aortic stenosis, underlying inflammatory (...)

• gastric antral vascular ectasia
  12 March 2012

  Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia (Watermelon Stomach)
  Gastric antral vascular ectasia (GAVE) differs from PHG inits clinical features, gross appearance, and histologic features.
  However, both conditions are common to patients with cirrhosis.
  GAVE presents clinically with bleeding and typically affects elderly females with an average age of 66.5 years.
  GAVE associates with various conditions, including cirrhosis, chronic heart disease, bulimia, bone marrow transplantation, and autoimmune (...)

• portal hypertensive gastropathy
  12 March 2012

  congestive gastropathy
  Portal hypertensive gastropathy (PHG) is a vasculopathy involving the gastric microvasculature in both adults and children with portal hypertension.
  Mild PHG is highly prevalent in cirrhotics,while severe changes are only seen in 10% to 25% of these patients.
  The disorder presents with bleeding in severe cases.
  A hallmark of the condition is mucosal and submucosal capillary and venous ectasia that insevere PHG imparts a typical mosaic appearance.
  The mucosa (...)

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