Stomach

• corpus atrophy
  4 March 2012

  Corpus atrophy can follow antrectomy.
  The loss of antral G cells results in a selective loss of parietal cells, atrophy, and pyloric and/or intestinal metaplasia.
  See also
  gastric atrophy (gastric mucosal atrophy)

• juvenile pernicious anemia
  4 March 2012

  Juvenile Forms of Pernicious Anemia
  Juvenile pernicious anemia is rare and has three distinct forms:
  One occurs in late childhood and adolescence and appears to resemble the adult form ofthe disease in allrespects except the age of patient presentation.
  So-called “true”juvenile pernicious anemia results from the failure of the parietal cells to produce intrinsic factor. The stomach is histologically normal and acid is produced by the parietal cells. The cause of the failure to produce (...)

• autoimmune gastritis
  4 March 2012

  Definition: Corpus-restricted chronic atrophic gastritis associated with serum anti-parietal cell and anti-intrinsic factor (IF) antibodies.
  The minority (approximately 20%) of cases of chronic gastritis fall into type A or autoimmune gastritis. Autoimmune gastritis results from immune-mediated destruction of parietal cells and is therefore restricted to the body and fundus. It shows a characteristic hypochlorhydria and an associated neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia.
  Patients with (...)

• atrophic gastritis
  4 March 2012

  Definition: Gastric atrophy is a preneoplastic condition, especially in populations where gastric carcinoma is prevalent. It develops following gastric injury induced by various factors.
  Images
  Atrophic gastritis with megaloblastic change due to B12 deficiency https://twitter.com/RhondaYantiss/status/881989338522898432
  Sydney system of grading Feature Definition Grading Guidelines Chronic inflammation Increased lymphocytes and plasma cells in the lamina propria Mild, moderate, or (...)

• Helicobacter pylori–associated gastropathy
  4 March 2012

  Helicobacter pylori–related gastric pathology
  Following HP infection the mucosa may become inflamed producing acute gastritis and then chronic active gastritis.
  Early, the chronic inflammation remains confined to the superficial mucosa.
  Superficial lamina propria lymphoplasmacytosis then extends for variable distances into the glandular compartment.
  With time, the inflammation becomes confluent until it occupies the full thickness of the mucosa.
  T cells increase in number in both the epithelium and (...)

• multifocal atrophic gastritis
  4 March 2012

  Multifocal atrophic gastritis (MAG)

• alkaline reflux gastritis
  4 March 2012

  Alkaline reflux gastritis develops in patients with abnormalpyloric sphincter function, often resulting from previous surgical interventions, chronic alcohol ingestion, or aging.
  Both alkaline duodenal secretions and bile damage the gastricmucosa. Bile salts increase mucosal permeability to hydrogenions, resulting in H+ back-diffusion.
  The most severe injury occurs in the antrum. The amount of reflux often correlates with symptom severity, but the endoscopic and histologic features rarely (...)

• ethanol-induced gastritis
  24 February 2012

  The extent of alcohol-induced injury results from the quantity of alcohol ingested as well as its mucosal contact time.
  Injury usually requires gastric alcohol concentrations 10%.The presence of a concurrent HP infection may augment the alcohol-induced injury.
  Alcohol contacting the superficial gastric mucosa impairs mucus synthesis and secretion and damages epithelial cells, causing them to become necrotic and slough, leaving the underlying mucosa exposedto the alcohol and to gastric (...)

• acute erosive gastritis
  24 February 2012

  acute erosive gastritis (acute hemorrhagic gastritis, stress gastritis)
  Acute erosive gastritis complicates major physiologic disturbances including sepsis, extensive burn injury, head injury, severe trauma, and multiorgan failure.
  It also develops following ingestion of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), aspirin, or alcohol.
  Acute gastritis often presents as abdominal discomfort, pain, heartburn, nausea, vomiting and hematemesis.
  Bleeding begins 3 to 7 days following a (...)

• gastric biopsy
  24 February 2012

  Endoscopic examination with mucosal biopsy and/or cytologic sampling is regularly employed for the initial identification and monitoring of patients with various gastric conditions including gastritis, gastric atrophy, peptic ulcer disease, and neoplastic proliferations.
  Gastric biopsiesarealso commonly used to evaluate the stomach for the presence or absence of Helicobacter pylori (HP).
  Routine gastric biopsies may also show special forms of gastritis (eosinophilic gastritis, lymphocytic (...)

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