A. Molecular pathology

• G-quadruplex
  18 August

  G4 ; G-quadruplex structures WKP
  Definition: G-quadruplex (G4) structural motifs have been linked to transcription, replication and genome instability and are implicated in cancer and other diseases.

• kinase fusions
  29 April

  genetic alterations activating MAPK signaling
  0.6% of metastati breast cancer harbor fusions (doi:10.1016/j.annonc.2020.04.008. ) Kinase fusions in breast cancers are extremely rare, and appear to be enriched in hormone-resistant, metastatic carcinomas and mutually exclusive with ESR1 mutations. Molecular testing at progression after endocrine therapy should include fusion testing, particularly in the absence of ESR1 hotspot alterations, in an effort to identify additional therapeutic (...)

• RNAs
  24 April

  See also
  RNA mRNA

• CpG island hypermethylation
  17 April

  WKP
  Definition : CpG island hypermethylation is an epigenetic control aberration that is important for gene inactivation in cancer cells. Hypermethylation of CpG islands has been described in almost every type of tumor.
  Many important cellular pathways, such as DNA repair (hMLH1, for example), cell cycle (p14ARF), apoptosis (DAPK), cell adherence (CDH1, CDH13), are inactivated by this epigenetic lesion.
  Hypermethylation is linked to methyl-binding proteins, DNA methyltransferases and (...)

• ISM1
  16 April

  isthmin-1 GeneCard UniProt Entrez
  Tumoral expression
  cutaneous Merckel carcinoma
  neuroendocrine tumors

• gaseous signaling molecules
  16 April

  WKP
  Definition : Gaseous signaling molecules are gaseous molecules that are either synthesised internally (endogenously) in the organism, tissue or cell or are received by the organism, tissue or cell from outside (say, from the atmosphere or hydrosphere, as in the case of oxygen) and that are used to transmit chemical signals which induce certain physiological or biochemical changes in the organism, tissue or cell.
  The term is applied to, for example, oxygen, carbon dioxide, nitric (...)

• HSD3B1
  21 February

  WKP
  Definition: HSD3B1 is a human gene that encodes for a 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase/delta(5)-delta(4)isomerase type I or hydroxy-delta-5-steroid dehydrogenase, 3 beta- and steroid delta-isomerase 1.
  While it can carry out the same function as HSD3B2, it localizes primarily to different tissues, such as the placenta and nonsteroidogenic tissues.
  Its requirement for the production of progesterone by the placenta, which has a vital role in pregnancy, may be one reason why no (...)

• contractile proteins
  9 January

  Contractile proteins in phagocytosis
  By applying force to actin filaments, the plasma membrane, and intracellular proteins and organelles, myosins can generate contractility, directly regulate actin assembly to ensure proper phagocytic internalization, and translocate phagosomes or other cargo to appropriate cellular locations. Altering the actomyosin cytoskeleton affects phagocytic behavior.
  Paywall references
  Squeezing in a Meal: Myosin Functions in Phagocytosis. Barger SR, Gauthier (...)

• PLIN2
  14 December 2019

  WKP
  Definition : Adipose differentiation-related protein, also known as perilipin 2 , ADRP or adipophilin, is a protein which belongs from PAT family of cytoplasmic lipid droplet (CLD) binding protein.
  In humans it is encoded by the ADFP gene. This protein surrounds the lipid droplet along with phospholipids and are involved in assisting the storage of neutral lipids within the lipid droplets.
  Images
  adipophilin IHC in sebaceous carcinoma (...)

• FOSs
  12 December 2019

  The Fos gene family ( FOSs ) consists of 4 members: c-Fos , FOSB , FOSL1 , and FOSL2. These genes encode leucine zipper proteins that can dimerize with proteins of the JUN family, thereby forming the transcription factor complex AP-1. As such, the FOS proteins have been implicated as regulators of cell proliferation, differentiation, and transformation.

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